Здесь собраны упражнения на согласование времен в английском языке с ответами и коротким пояснением к каждому заданию. Сначала короткое правило в таблицах, затем 5 блоков: утверждения, перфект и модальные глаголы, слова времени и места, вопросы и просьбы в косвенной речи и смешанный блок.

Выполняйте блоки по порядку. Если ошибаетесь в одном типе заданий, вернитесь к таблице правила и повторите только его.

Правило согласования времён в одной таблице

Когда вы пересказываете чужие слова после глагола в прошедшем времени (said, told, asked, thought, knew), глагол в придаточном обычно сдвигается на одно время назад.

Прямая речьКосвенная речьПример
Present SimplePast Simple“I like tea.” → She said she liked tea. — Она сказала, что любит чай.
Present ContinuousPast Continuous“I am reading.” → He said he was reading. — Он сказал, что читает.
Present PerfectPast Perfect“I have lost my keys.” → He said he had lost his keys. — Он сказал, что потерял ключи.
Past SimplePast Perfect“I saw him.” → She said she had seen him. — Она сказала, что видела его.
willwould“I will call.” → He said he would call. — Он сказал, что позвонит.
cancould“I can swim.” → She said she could swim. — Она сказала, что умеет плавать.
maymight“I may come.” → He said he might come. — Он сказал, что, может быть, придёт.
musthad to (или must)“I must go.” → She said she had to go. — Она сказала, что ей нужно идти.

В русском языке время не меняется: «Он сказал, что читает». Поэтому русскоязычные ученики чаще всего ошибаются именно здесь и оставляют is вместо was.

Местоимения тоже меняются по смыслу: “I like you,” Tom said to me. → Tom said that he liked me. — Том сказал, что я ему нравлюсь.

Как меняются слова времени и места

Вместе с временем меняются слова, которые привязаны к моменту речи.

Прямая речьКосвенная речь
nowthen, at that moment
todaythat day
tonightthat night
tomorrowthe next day, the following day
yesterdaythe day before, the previous day
next weekthe following week, the next week
last weekthe week before, the previous week
agobefore, earlier
herethere
this / thesethat / those

“I am busy today,” Mark said. → Mark said that he was busy that day. — Марк сказал, что занят в тот день.

Если пересказ звучит в тот же день и в том же месте, слова можно не менять. В школьных упражнениях их обычно меняют.

Когда времена не сдвигаются

Сдвиг не нужен в трёх частых случаях.

  1. Главный глагол в настоящем или будущем времени: Tom says that he is tired. — Том говорит, что устал.
  2. Речь идёт об общеизвестном факте или законе природы: The teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees. — Учитель сказал, что вода кипит при 100 градусах. Форма boiled здесь тоже не ошибка.
  3. Глаголы would, could, might, should и had done уже «прошедшие», дальше их не сдвигают: “I would help,” he said. → He said he would help.

Вопросы в косвенной речи строятся с прямым порядком слов, без do / does / did: She asked me where I lived. — Она спросила, где я живу. Для вопросов без вопросительного слова нужен if или whether. Просьбы и приказы передаются через told + to: Mum told us not to be late. — Мама сказала нам не опаздывать.

Согласование времен в английском упражнения

Первые два блока — на базовый сдвиг времён. Перепишите прямую речь в косвенную, вставив глагол в нужной форме.

Блок 1. Present Simple и Present Continuous в косвенной речи

Вставьте глагол в нужной форме.

  1. “I like football,” Tom said. → Tom said that he ___ (like) football.
    Ответliked — Present Simple → Past Simple после said.
  2. “I am hungry,” Anna said. → Anna said that she ___ (be) hungry.
    Ответwas — am → was.
  3. “We live in Kazan,” they said. → They said that they ___ (live) in Kazan.
    Ответlived — Present Simple → Past Simple.
  4. “I don’t eat meat,” Kate said. → Kate said that she ___ (not eat) meat.
    Ответdidn't eat (также: did not eat) — don’t → didn’t: отрицание в Past Simple.
  5. “My brother plays the guitar,” Max said. → Max said that his brother ___ (play) the guitar.
    Ответplayed — plays → played.
  6. “I am reading a book,” Liza said. → Liza said that she ___ (read) a book.
    Ответwas reading — Present Continuous → Past Continuous.
  7. “We are waiting for the bus,” the boys said. → The boys said that they ___ (wait) for the bus.
    Ответwere waiting — are waiting → were waiting.
  8. “It is raining,” Mum said. → Mum said that it ___ (rain).
    Ответwas raining — is raining → was raining.
  9. “I am not watching TV,” Ben said. → Ben said that he ___ (not watch) TV.
    Ответwasn't watching (также: was not watching) — am not watching → wasn’t watching.
  10. “My friends speak English well,” Olga said. → Olga said that her friends ___ (speak) English well.
    Ответspoke — speak → spoke, неправильный глагол.

Блок 2. Present Perfect, Past Simple, will, can, may, must

Вставьте глагол в нужной форме по правилу согласования времён.

  1. “I have lost my keys,” Dad said. → Dad said that he ___ (lose) his keys.
    Ответhad lost — Present Perfect → Past Perfect.
  2. “We have finished the test,” the students said. → The students said that they ___ (finish) the test.
    Ответhad finished — have finished → had finished.
  3. “I saw this film,” Nick said. → Nick said that he ___ (see) that film.
    Ответhad seen — Past Simple → Past Perfect: saw → had seen.
  4. “I will call you,” Sam said to me. → Sam told me that he ___ (call) me.
    Ответwould call — will → would.
  5. “I can swim,” the little girl said. → The little girl said that she ___ (can) swim.
    Ответcould — can → could.
  6. “We won’t be late,” they promised. → They promised that they ___ (not be) late.
    Ответwouldn't be (также: would not be) — won’t → wouldn’t.
  7. “I may come later,” Ann said. → Ann said that she ___ (may come) later.
    Ответmight come — may → might.
  8. “I must do my homework,” Pete said. → Pete said that he ___ (must do) his homework.
    Ответhad to do (также: must do) — must обычно меняется на had to; must тоже допустимо.
  9. “I haven’t been to Paris,” Irina said. → Irina said that she ___ (not be) to Paris.
    Ответhadn't been (также: had not been) — haven’t been → hadn’t been.
  10. “We bought a new car,” my parents said. → My parents said that they ___ (buy) a new car.
    Ответhad bought — Past Simple → Past Perfect: bought → had bought.

Упражнения на согласование времен в английском языке для 9 класса

В 9 классе к сдвигу времён добавляются слова времени и места, косвенные вопросы и просьбы. Эти два блока рассчитаны на этот уровень.

Блок 3. Слова времени и места (9 класс)

Вставьте нужное слово или выражение вместо слова из прямой речи.

  1. “I’ll visit you tomorrow,” Kate said. → Kate said that she would visit me ___ (tomorrow).
    Ответthe next day (также: the following day) — tomorrow → the next day / the following day.
  2. “I met him yesterday,” Tom said. → Tom said that he had met him ___ (yesterday).
    Ответthe day before (также: the previous day) — yesterday → the day before / the previous day.
  3. “I am busy now,” Mark said. → Mark said that he was busy ___ (now).
    Ответthen (также: at that moment) — now → then.
  4. “I live here,” the old man said. → The old man said that he lived ___ (here).
    Ответthere — here → there.
  5. “I like this song,” Lena said. → Lena said that she liked ___ (this) song.
    Ответthat — this → that.
  6. “We moved to Moscow two years ago,” they said. → They said that they had moved to Moscow two years ___ (ago).
    Ответbefore (также: earlier) — ago → before / earlier.
  7. “I have an exam next week,” Dima said. → Dima said that he had an exam ___ (next week).
    Ответthe following week (также: the next week) — next week → the following week.
  8. “I’m working today,” Mum said. → Mum said that she was working ___ (today).
    Ответthat day — today → that day.
  9. “These are my books,” the boy said. → The boy said that ___ (these) were his books.
    Ответthose — these → those.
  10. “I will finish it tonight,” Ira said. → Ira said that she would finish it ___ (tonight).
    Ответthat night — tonight → that night.

Блок 4. Косвенные вопросы и просьбы (9 класс)

Вставьте пропущенное слово или глагол в нужной форме.

  1. “Where do you live?” she asked me. → She asked me where I ___ (live).
    Ответlived — В косвенном вопросе нет do, порядок прямой, время сдвигается: lived.
  2. “Are you tired?” Mum asked. → Mum asked if I ___ (be) tired.
    Ответwas — Вопрос без вопросительного слова → if; are → was.
  3. “What are you doing?” the teacher asked us. → The teacher asked what we ___ (do).
    Ответwere doing — are doing → were doing, прямой порядок слов.
  4. “Have you done your homework?” Dad asked me. → Dad asked me if I ___ (do) my homework.
    Ответhad done — have done → had done.
  5. “When will the train arrive?” the tourist asked. → The tourist asked when the train ___ (arrive).
    Ответwould arrive — will → would, подлежащее перед глаголом.
  6. “Can you help me?” Olga asked Ben. → Olga asked Ben if he ___ (help) her.
    Ответcould help — can → could.
  7. “Do you like pizza?” Sam asked me. → Sam asked me ___ I liked pizza.
    Ответif (также: whether) — Общий вопрос в косвенной речи вводится if или whether.
  8. “Close the window,” the teacher said to me. → The teacher told me ___ (close) the window.
    Ответto close — Просьба или приказ: told + to + глагол.
  9. “Don’t be late,” Mum said to us. → Mum told us ___ (not be) late.
    Ответnot to be — Отрицательная просьба: not to + глагол.
  10. “Why did you leave early?” my friend asked me. → My friend asked me why I ___ (leave) early.
    Ответhad left — did leave → had left, без did.

Смешанное упражнение на все правила

В последнем блоке собраны все типы заданий, включая случаи, когда время не меняется. Перед ответом посмотрите на главный глагол: says или said.

Блок 5. Смешанное упражнение

Вставьте слово в нужной форме. Помните о случаях, когда время не сдвигается.

  1. “Water boils at 100 degrees,” the teacher said. → The teacher said that water ___ (boil) at 100 degrees.
    Ответboils (также: boiled) — Закон природы: время можно не сдвигать; boiled тоже допустимо.
  2. Tom says, “I am tired.” → Tom says that he ___ (be) tired.
    Ответis — Главный глагол says в настоящем — сдвига нет.
  3. “I want to be a doctor,” my sister said. → My sister said that she ___ (want) to be a doctor.
    Ответwanted — want → wanted.
  4. “We are going to the cinema,” they said. → They said that they ___ (go) to the cinema.
    Ответwere going — are going → were going.
  5. “I have never tried sushi,” Kate said. → Kate said that she ___ (never try) sushi.
    Ответhad never tried — have never tried → had never tried.
  6. “I will help you tomorrow,” Nick said to me. → Nick told me that he would help me ___ (tomorrow).
    Ответthe next day (также: the following day) — tomorrow → the next day.
  7. “Did you see Max?” Anna asked me. → Anna asked me if I ___ (see) Max.
    Ответhad seen — did see → had seen, без did.
  8. “I can’t come to the party,” Liza said. → Liza said that she ___ (not can come) to the party.
    Ответcouldn't come (также: could not come) — can’t → couldn’t.
  9. “Is it raining?” Grandma asked. → Grandma asked if it ___ (rain).
    Ответwas raining — is raining → was raining, прямой порядок слов.
  10. “Don’t touch the cake,” Mum said to the children. → Mum told the children ___ (not touch) the cake.
    Ответnot to touch — Отрицательная просьба: not to + глагол.
  11. “I didn’t know the answer,” Pete said. → Pete said that he ___ (not know) the answer.
    Ответhadn't known (также: had not known) — didn’t know → hadn’t known.
  12. Ann ___ (say / tell) me that she was busy.
    Ответtold — После tell сразу идёт адресат (me), после say — нет.

Дальше: vremena anglijskogo.